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國外刺激銷售,，國內(nèi)促進(jìn)就業(yè)

????奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和他的幕僚們并不鼓勵(lì)跨國公司，他們現(xiàn)在總是用老套的長篇大論,，批評(píng)那些公司“把工作機(jī)會(huì)輸出到海外”,。實(shí)際上，為了進(jìn)入海外市場(chǎng),，跨國公司確實(shí)建立了海外業(yè)務(wù),，雇傭了外國員工。但與此同時(shí),，這些業(yè)務(wù)也在美國本土創(chuàng)造了新的工作崗位,。

????俄亥俄州凱尼恩學(xué)院（Kenyon College）的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家威廉姆?梅里克指出，1997年到2007年的十年里,，美國公司在海外創(chuàng)造了380萬個(gè)工作崗位,，但與此同時(shí)，它們?cè)诿绹鴩鴥?nèi)也創(chuàng)造了210萬個(gè)工作崗位,。

????根據(jù)梅里克的統(tǒng)計(jì),，有三分之二總部位于美國的跨國公司，其國外子公司和美國本土母公司在崗位數(shù)量上的增加和減少是同步的,；僅有很少一部分公司,，其海外工作崗位的增加是以犧牲美國本土就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)為代價(jià)的。

????今年秋天,，美國國會(huì)將會(huì)大幅削減聯(lián)邦國際事務(wù)預(yù)算,，其中包括為支持美國出口的代理機(jī)構(gòu)提供的資金,，以及用于資助貧窮國家的預(yù)算等。作為控制政府開支而采取的措施之一,，此次預(yù)算削減的一部分順理成章且很有必要,。但在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)之下，立法者也可能禁不住誘惑,，對(duì)美國在海外的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位視而不見,，反而轉(zhuǎn)向國內(nèi)尋求經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

????國際事務(wù)預(yù)算的一部分（與公眾的觀點(diǎn)相反,，僅占預(yù)算的1.5%）被用于支持出口公司,，比如提供風(fēng)險(xiǎn)保障與資金的海外私人投資公司（Overseas Private Investment Corp.）、用于協(xié)助出口融資的美國進(jìn)出口銀行（Export Import Bank）,，以及負(fù)責(zé)組織貿(mào)易考察的美國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展署（U.S. Trade and Development Agency）,。此外，人道主義援助也能給美國帶來收益,。

????在近期的一次市政會(huì)議上,，佛羅里達(dá)州參議員馬可?魯比歐以美國前總統(tǒng)布什的抗艾計(jì)劃為例，強(qiáng)調(diào)了人道主義援助的重要性：“如果方法得當(dāng),，這類項(xiàng)目可以通過一種積極的方式擴(kuò)大美國的影響力，”抗艾計(jì)劃拯救了400多萬人的生命,，使美國在非洲獲得了良好的聲譽(yù),。

????盡管這位頗受歡迎的共和黨人士（茶黨擁護(hù)者）發(fā)表了這樣的評(píng)論，但狹隘主義依然盤踞在國會(huì)山,。佐利克表示：“我去國會(huì),，質(zhì)問他們將采取什么措施，提升美國的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,。但他們并未將眼光投向海外,。私營部門卻早已看清形勢(shì)，在這方面將政府公共部門遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)拋在了身后,?！?/p>

????當(dāng)然，遙遙領(lǐng)先的還有一個(gè)國家：中國,。

????譯者：劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

????

International?sales, domestic jobs

????Instead of encouraging multinational business, President Obama and his advisers offer their now familiar tirade against companies "shipping jobs overseas." In fact, companies do build overseas operations, and hire foreign workers, to tap offshore markets. But those operations also produce jobs here at home.

????William Melick, an economist at Ohio's Kenyon College, notes that the 3.8 million offshore jobs created between 1997 and 2007 were complemented by 2.1 million produced by those same firms inside American borders.

????Melick calculated that for two-thirds of U.S. based multinationals, jobs in foreign affiliates and the U.S. parent company move up and down together; only in a small minority does foreign employment rise at the expense of U.S. jobs.

????The federal international affairs budget -- funding everything from agencies supporting U.S. exports to aid to poor countries -- faces sharp cuts from Congress this fall. Part of that is a natural, and necessary, part of any serious effort to rein in government spending. But there is also the temptation -- at a time of economic crisis -- for lawmakers to turn inward rather than seek economic opportunity in continued American leadership abroad.

????Part of the international affairs budget (which, contrary to public perception, is only 1.5% of the budget) supports exporting companies, like the Overseas Private Investment Corp., providing risk insurance and capital, the Export Import Bank to help finance exports, and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency that hosts trade missions. And humanitarian aid can redound to America's benefit.

????"If done right, it spreads American influence in a positive way," Florida Senator Marco Rubio told a recent town hall, citing the widespread goodwill in Africa that resulted from President Bush's anti-AIDS initiative, credited with saving 4 million lives.

????Despite comments like those from a popular Republican tea partier, parochialism is settling in on Capitol Hill. "I go to the Hill and ask what they're doing to make America more competitive," Zoellick says. "They're not looking beyond our borders. The private sector is so much farther ahead than the public sector in recognizing what's happening."

????And there's someone else that's farther ahead on that score: China.