????過(guò)去一年雖然對(duì)沖基金普遍下跌,，但贖回情況并沒(méi)有很多人預(yù)想的那么嚴(yán)重,。但是說(shuō)到埃里克?明迪奇120億美元的伊頓公園資本管理公司（Eton Park Capital Management），則另有原因。這支基金去年下跌了11%,，但投資者想盡辦法,，還是很難拿回自己的錢。
????2008年的慘痛教訓(xùn)讓投資者意識(shí)到了一個(gè)事實(shí),，當(dāng)他們想拿回自己的錢時(shí),，基金并非是一定要退錢。雖然此后一些對(duì)沖基金放寬了贖回限制,，但伊頓公園的條款仍是對(duì)沖基金業(yè)內(nèi)最苛刻的,。由于過(guò)去三年，伊頓公園的投資者連一毛錢也沒(méi)掙上,，有些人開(kāi)始萌生退意,。去年的凈贖回額達(dá)到了基金資產(chǎn)管理規(guī)模的5%左右，約合7億美元,。
????明迪奇名聲鵲起的原因在于,，1994年，他在年僅27歲的時(shí)候就成為了高盛（Goldman Sachs）最年輕的合伙人,。2004年,，他離開(kāi)高盛，創(chuàng)立自己的對(duì)沖基金時(shí),，希望能追隨這位青年才俊的投資者大有人在。因此盡管明迪奇設(shè)置了或許是有案可查的,、最嚴(yán)苛的鎖定規(guī)定,，他還是很快就籌到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的35億美元。
????明迪奇的鎖定規(guī)定有多苛刻,？選擇某一類基金單位的投資者必須同意至少27個(gè)月的投資鎖定期規(guī)定,，這之后如果要完全贖回，還需要有兩年,，因?yàn)橐荒曛荒苴H回1/3（即所謂的滾動(dòng)三年鎖定期）,。如果投資者了錯(cuò)過(guò)最初27個(gè)月之后的時(shí)間創(chuàng)口，就只能再等上27個(gè)月,。而且,，投資者還必須提前65天將退出意愿告知伊頓公園，并在贖回日后繼續(xù)再等30天才能收到現(xiàn)金,。想簡(jiǎn)單一點(diǎn),？唯一的方法就是支付6%的提前退出罰金。而且這還不是全部：伊頓公園還有權(quán)從這筆錢中抽出最多30%留在側(cè)袋帳戶中,，而且想留多久就多久,。
????這些條款極其惡劣，但當(dāng)年投資者們對(duì)明迪奇就是言聽(tīng)計(jì)從，還真就同意了,。這些自詡對(duì)沖基金大佬的家伙們當(dāng)年真是趕上了好時(shí)候,！
????投資研究公司Trim Tabs的分析師里昂?莫羅契尼克稱，伊頓公園的鎖定條款拿到今天簡(jiǎn)直讓人聽(tīng)不下去,。他認(rèn)為,，去年對(duì)沖基金贖回額低于預(yù)期，部分原因就是很多知名基金仍有鎖定期,。要找到和伊頓公園一樣苛刻的鎖定條款可不容易,，特別是考慮該基金大部分投資的都是易出售證券，并不是流動(dòng)性差的品種或私募股權(quán)投資,。
????明迪奇拒絕發(fā)表評(píng)論,。他的發(fā)言人稱，基金的條款與長(zhǎng)期投資計(jì)劃相一致,。
高盛光環(huán)逐漸褪去
????因此,，明迪奇的高盛光環(huán)正在逐漸褪去，投資者們也開(kāi)始失去耐心,。對(duì)沖基金雜志《AR》億萬(wàn)美元俱樂(lè)部調(diào)查（ Billion Dollar Club）的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,，截至去年7月，伊頓公園是美國(guó)第二十大對(duì)沖基金,，管理著140億美元資產(chǎn),。此后，伊頓公園的下跌大部分應(yīng)歸咎于投資表現(xiàn)欠佳,。據(jù)一位了解該基金內(nèi)情的人士透露,，雖然伊頓公園同時(shí)也在吸納新的資金，但截至去年12月底,，該基金仍有資金凈流出約7億美元,。 |
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????After a year of losses, the exodus of investors from hedge funds hasn't been as great as many expected. In the case of Eric Mindich's $12 billion Eton Park Capital Management -- which fell about 11% last year -- that's because try as they might, investors still have a hard time taking their money out.
????Hedge funds loosened their terms after the carnage of 2008 alerted investors to the fact that funds weren't required to return the investors' cash just because they wanted it back. But Eton Park's terms remain among the most onerous in the hedge fund world. And since its investors have hardly made a dime over the past three years, some are starting to bail. Net redemptions last year reached about 5% of fund assets, or around $700 million.
????Mindich's claim to fame is being the youngest person, at age 27, to make partner at Goldman Sachs (GS) in 1994. When he left to launch a hedge fund in 2004, the fever to invest with the wunderkind was so great that Mindich raised a record $3.5 billion despite insisting on one of the most stringent lockups on record.
????Investors in a certain share class had to agree to keep the money in Eton Park for a minimum of 27 months, and it would take them another two years to get out, as they could only redeem one-third in any given year -- what's called a rolling three-year lockup. If the investor missed the window of opportunity after the initial 27 months, he couldn't try again for another 27. He also had to let Eton Park know 65 days ahead of time of his desire to exit the fund, and then would only receive his cash 30 days after the redemption date. The only way to get around these terms would be to pay a 6% early-exit penalty to the fund. And that wasn't all: Eton Park also reserved the right to place up to 30% of the fund in side pockets; that money would be stuck there as long as the firm wanted.
????The terms were egregious, but Mindich could demand them, and so he did. Such was the golden era for would-be hedge fund titans.
????These days, Eton Park's lockup provisions look extreme, says Leon Mirochnik, research analyst with Trim Tabs, who thinks last year's hedge fund redemptions weren't as high as expected, in part, because lockups still exist at many of the more prestigious funds. One is hard-pressed to find one with terms as tough as Eton Park's, especially given that the fund is largely invested in easily-marketable securities, not illiquid or private equity investments.
????Mindich declined to comment. His spokesperson said fund's terms are consistent with its long-term investment program.
Goldman glow dims
????As a result, Mindich's Goldman patina is wearing thin, as is the patience of his investors. As of last July, Eton Park was the 20th largest U.S. hedge fund and managed $14 billion, according to the AR Billion Dollar Club. Much of the decline since then is due to poor performance. But Eton Park has also been raising money, which has kept the net outflows to about $700 million as of the end of December, according to an individual familiar with the firm. |
