??? 在沙特阿拉伯，女性能夠通過接受教育和培訓(xùn)成為律師,，但卻不能獲得執(zhí)業(yè)資格,。乍得以及其他很多國(guó)家要求女性在開設(shè)銀行賬戶時(shí)需征得丈夫許可。這些規(guī)定令人生畏,，但是并非無法解決,。萊蒙在去年出版的《凱爾卡納的裁縫》（The Dressmaker Of Khair Khana）一書中對(duì)阿富汗女企業(yè)家卡米拉?絲蒂奇進(jìn)行了跟蹤報(bào)道?？桌侨业慕?jīng)濟(jì)支柱,，在塔利班統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，她足不出戶,，在家里開辦了自己的企業(yè),。????
??? 國(guó)際勞工組織（The International Labour Organization）預(yù)計(jì)，由于女性就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)受到限制,，亞非地區(qū)每年會(huì)損失420億到470億美元,。萊蒙表示，對(duì)世行來說,，通過國(guó)際金融公司（IFC）增加女性企業(yè)家獲得資源和資本的機(jī)會(huì)是避開文化問題的一種方式,。他認(rèn)為：“如果女性賺了錢，男性對(duì)她們的看法將會(huì)發(fā)生改變,。它會(huì)帶來整整一代人的變化,。”
????教育和健康對(duì)這一問題來說也很重要,。教育程度更高,，未成年婚姻數(shù)量將會(huì)更少，意外懷孕,、流產(chǎn)和其他健康問題也會(huì)減少,。受過教育的健康女性將會(huì)成為生產(chǎn)力更高的勞動(dòng)力。
????對(duì)女性進(jìn)行投資的經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力看起來似乎顯而易見,。但對(duì)金永吉來說是否也是如此呢,？《財(cái)富》雜志（Fortune）嘗試采訪金永吉，但沒有得到回復(fù),。萊蒙表示：“女性投資并非小打小鬧的兒戲,。女性是穩(wěn)定性的指標(biāo)，我們必須集中精力關(guān)注她們,，直到她們擺脫特殊利益群體的身份,。要知道,，現(xiàn)在的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境對(duì)她們來說并不公平?！?/p>
????世行非洲提名人奧孔約?伊薇拉跟金永吉一樣有著令人印象深刻的履歷,。她曾擔(dān)任尼日利亞財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)和世行常務(wù)副行長(zhǎng)，這些經(jīng)歷讓她比金永吉多了一些管理層面的優(yōu)勢(shì),，但她對(duì)于女性投資的夢(mèng)想是她與其他候選人的明顯區(qū)別,。在2007年TED（技術(shù)、娛樂,、設(shè)計(jì)）非洲大會(huì)的商業(yè)主題會(huì)談上,，奧孔約?伊薇拉稱：“我想說的是，在這塊大陸上,，最佳投資對(duì)象中不乏女性,。”她隨后給出了幾位成功的非洲女性企業(yè)家的實(shí)例,。她還是非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)生命之音（Vital Voices）董事會(huì)的名譽(yù)董事,，該組織致力于為全球的女性領(lǐng)袖提供投資。
????當(dāng)然,，美國(guó)提名候選人將執(zhí)掌世行,，這是一直以來的君子協(xié)定，就像歐洲提名候選人將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國(guó)際貨幣基金組織（IMF）一樣,。但如果世行打算認(rèn)真履行其使命,，它就需要這樣一位行長(zhǎng)：深入理解為女性提供投資的經(jīng)濟(jì)重要性，并且敢于直面挑戰(zhàn),。
????譯者：李玫曉/汪皓 |
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??? In Saudi Arabia, women are provided the education and training to become lawyers, but they can't get licenses to practice. Chad -- and many other nations -- requires women to gain their husbands' permission to open bank accounts. These policies are intimidating, but not insurmountable. Lemmon's The Dressmaker Of Khair Khana, which was published last year, follows Afghani entrepreneur and breadwinner Kamila Sidiqi, who created her business within the confines of her home during the Taliban years.
??? The International Labour Organization estimates that the Asia-Pacific region is losing $42 billion to $47 billion annually because of women's limited access to employment opportunities. Increasing women entrepreneurs' access to resources and capital with the IFC is one way the World Bank can skirt around culture issues, says Lemmon. "When women make money, it changes the way men see them. It can spark generational change."
????Education and health are also essential to the equation. Greater educational attainment correlates with fewer childhood marriages, which tends to lead to fewer unwanted pregnancies, abortions, and other health problems. Healthy, educated women lead to a more productive labor force.
????The economic potential of investing in women seems glaringly obvious. But is it obvious to Kim? Fortune reached out to Kim for comment, but received no response. "Women are not a pet project," says Lemmon. "They are stability indicators. We need to focus on them until they are no longer a special interest group. The level playing field doesn't exist yet."
????Africa's nominee, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, has, like Kim, an impressive resume. Her time as finance minister in Nigeria and managing director of the World Bank may give her a slight managerial edge on him, but her desire to invest in women is what sets her candidacy apart. In a 2007 TED talk on business in Africa, Okonjo-Iweala said, "I want to say that some of the best people to invest in on the continent are the women," before giving several examples of successful African female entrepreneurs. She is also an emeritus member of the board of directors at Vital Voices, a nonprofit focused on investing in women leaders globally.
????Of course, there's the gentlemen's agreement that the U.S. nominee will run the World Bank and a European nominee will run the IMF. But if the World Bank is serious about its mission, it needs a president who fully grasps the economic importance of prioritizing investment in women, and is not afraid to rise to the challenge. |
