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????合作教育：合作教育是正規(guī)大學(xué)課程項(xiàng)目,。通過這樣的項(xiàng)目，學(xué)生在讀書之外還要多次從事全職工作,，校方則會(huì)把這些工作經(jīng)歷記入學(xué)生的在校成績,。在加拿大，大多數(shù)合作教育課程都要求學(xué)生每次工作的時(shí)間相當(dāng)于該專業(yè)學(xué)時(shí)的30%,；對(duì)多數(shù)本科學(xué)位來說,，這就意味著學(xué)生至少需要參加3次這樣的工作。合作教育課程由有資質(zhì)的專業(yè)教育人士和/或院系負(fù)責(zé),。參加這些課程的國際學(xué)生可以向加拿大公民及移民部（Citizenship and Immigration Canada）申請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e工作簽證,，以便在校外參加這樣的工作。

????評(píng)估合作教育項(xiàng)目時(shí)要考慮的因素包括：畢業(yè)前多次到校外參加工作并探索各種各樣的職業(yè)選擇對(duì)自己是否有益,？是否需要為攻讀學(xué)位的花費(fèi)去掙錢,？該合作教育項(xiàng)目辦公室在自己找工作或工作條件方面能提供哪些支持？該課程項(xiàng)目能帶來哪些靠自己爭取不到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)？收費(fèi)情況如何,？對(duì)國際學(xué)生會(huì)額外收費(fèi)嗎,？

????社區(qū)服務(wù)實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)：這也是正規(guī)大學(xué)課程項(xiàng)目，它把志愿工作納入提供學(xué)分的課程之中,。這些志愿工作以滿足社區(qū)組織的需要為抓手,，并包括學(xué)生對(duì)這一經(jīng)歷的結(jié)構(gòu)性思索，從而把實(shí)踐經(jīng)歷和課程內(nèi)容聯(lián)系起來,。此類活動(dòng)的負(fù)責(zé)人通常是講授該門課程的教授,，同時(shí)可能由高校的專業(yè)教師提供支持。

????評(píng)估社區(qū)服務(wù)實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要考慮的因素包括：自己想獲得通過志愿工作回報(bào)社區(qū)的機(jī)會(huì)嗎,？自己喜歡和同一門課程的同學(xué)們一起在社區(qū)組織工作嗎,？有機(jī)會(huì)把理論用于實(shí)踐會(huì)讓自己學(xué)得更好嗎？怎么才能知道哪些課程項(xiàng)目包括社區(qū)服務(wù)實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)呢,？通常是什么樣的組織會(huì)和大學(xué)合作提供這樣的機(jī)會(huì)呢,？

????實(shí)習(xí)課、現(xiàn)場操作和臨床實(shí)踐也是工學(xué)結(jié)合的常見形式,，但它們往往出現(xiàn)在護(hù)理這樣的專業(yè)課程項(xiàng)目中,。這些課程項(xiàng)目要求工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的目的是通過認(rèn)證或取得執(zhí)業(yè)資格。因此,，這些工學(xué)結(jié)合活動(dòng)可能是必修課,，而非選修課程。

????作為在工學(xué)結(jié)合領(lǐng)域工作了近20年的人,，我的建議是：考慮上加拿大哪所大學(xué)時(shí),，詢問一下它們有什么樣的工學(xué)結(jié)合活動(dòng)。想一想怎樣做才是最適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)途徑以及自己上大學(xué)有哪些目標(biāo),。選擇大學(xué)時(shí),，不要只看它的全球高校排名，還要考慮其工學(xué)結(jié)合活動(dòng)的質(zhì)量和規(guī)模,。希望大家盡量利用好本科階段,，在畢業(yè)時(shí)拿到的不光是一紙文憑。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：Charlie

????Co-operative Education (“Co-op”): Co-op is a formal university program through which students alternate multiple, full-time, paid work terms with their academic studies, and receive recognition on their university record for each work term. In Canada, most co-op programs will require students to spend the equivalent of 30% of the time spent in academic study doing co-op terms; for most undergraduate degrees, this means co-op students will complete at least 3 work terms. Co-op programs are run by qualified career educators and/or faculty. International students participating in a co-op program can apply for a special category of work visa through Citizenship and Immigration Canada enabling them to work off campus on multiple co-op work terms.

????In assessing a co-op program, consider: Do I see a benefit in doing multiple work terms to learn outside the classroom and explore various career options before I graduate? Do I want to earn money to help finance my degree? What types of support would the co-op office give me in applying for jobs and while on work terms? What kinds of experiences are available through co-op that I might not be able to get on my own? What are the fees charged for participation in co-op? Are there differential fees for international students who participate?

????Community Service Learning (CSL): CSL refers to a formal university program through which volunteer work is part of a credit-bearing university course. The volunteer work seeks to address the needs of a community organization and includes structured reflection on the experience to link it with course content. CSL experiences are usually overseen by the professor teaching the course and may be supported by professional staff at the university.

????In assessing a CSL program, consider: Do I want the opportunity to give back to the community through volunteer work? Do I like the idea of working in a community organization alongside a group of students in the course that I’m taking? Do I learn better by having the opportunity to apply theory to practice? How can I find out which courses offer CSL? What kinds of organizations usually partner with these courses to offer opportunities?

????Other forms of WIL, such as practicums, field experience, and clinics are common too, but often in professional programs such as Nursing which require work experience for the purposes of certification or licensing. They are, as a result, likely to be required parts of a university education, not optional ones.

????As someone who’s worked in the field of WIL for almost 20 years, here’s my advice. When considering a university, ask about what kinds of WIL they offer. Think about how you might learn best, and what your goals are for your university experience. Choose a university based not just on its position in global university rankings, but also based on the quality and scope of the WIL it offers. Make the most of your undergraduate experience and graduate with more than just a degree.